## Summary
Fixes#20219.
The `@tailwindcss/postcss` exports map serves the CJS-shaped
`dist/index.d.ts` (`export = _default`) for both the `import` and
`require` conditions, while the correct ESM declaration file
`dist/index.d.mts` (`export { _default as default }`) is built and
published but never referenced. Type checkers that treat the import
condition as ESM reject the default import with TS1192 — concretely,
`deno check` on Deno 2.8.3+ (which ships TypeScript 6.0) fails on
`import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/postcss"`.
This splits the export entry into per-condition `types` blocks so ESM
importers resolve `index.d.mts` and CJS consumers keep `index.d.ts` —
the same shape `@tailwindcss/vite` already uses (`"types":
"./dist/index.d.mts"`).
Two notes on the issue as filed:
- Stock `tsc` with NodeNext does **not** reproduce the error
(declaration file format follows the file extension and package `type`,
not the matched condition), so I didn't take the suggested `export =` →
`export default` change in `index.d.ts` — that would break CJS
consumers, and the correct ESM declarations already ship.
- `@tailwindcss/node` has the same single-`types` exports shape; happy
to follow up there if you want parity.
## Test plan
Against `@tailwindcss/postcss@4.3.0` with the published exports map,
then again with only this `package.json` change applied to the installed
package:
```sh
# Deno 2.8.3 (TypeScript 6.0), nodeModulesDir: auto
deno check main.ts # before: TS1192 "Module ... index.d.ts has no default export" — after: passes
```
```sh
# typescript@6.0.0-dev (NodeNext), one ESM importer + one .cts require importer
tsc --noEmit # passes both before and after (no regression for npm consumers)
```
`@arethetypeswrong/cli`:
| | published 4.3.0 | with this change |
|---|---|---|
| node16 (from ESM) | 🎭 Masquerading as CJS | 🟢 (ESM) |
| node16 (from CJS) | 🟢 (CJS) | 🟢 (CJS) |
| bundler | 🟢 | 🟢 |
This PR bumps some of our dependencies, common dependencies were moved
to pnpm's `catalog` feature.
Closes#20092Closes#20085Closes#20075Closes#20066Closes#20062
## Test plan
- All tests still pass
- Each dependency was published some time ago. Webpack has an even newer
version that was published <15min ago. Will update that one later.
[ci-all]
This PR cleans up the noisy test output where some `console.warn`
messages were leaking into the test output.
This also uses the `src/` files instead of the `dist/` files of
`@tailwindcss/node` to get rid of a source map related warning in tests.
It also means that we don't have to rebuild `@tailwindcss/node` when we
make changes.
## Test plan
1. Existing tests pass
2. Output is clean when running tests (`vitest run --reporter=minimal`)
Before:
<img width="1193" height="1376" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9aceab62-cd99-4391-9734-0ae5c4c3fb48"
/>
After:
<img width="1099" height="294" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3ada4a0a-8a7a-48a7-9fbd-f3d5dd8700a5"
/>
This PR improves the snapshot tests. At first, this looks like a very
silly PR, but I swear I have legit reasons for these changes:
First, there are a few places where we use `.toMatchInlineSnapshot()`
for tests where we expect that nothing is being generated. This is fine,
but the issue is that this means that if you're not careful, and if we
have a bug, then these snapshots could start producing something.
Updating these snapshots is _too_ easy. So instead, we convert them to
an explicit `.toEqual('')`
Next, I introduced a `pretty` helper function which is used behind the
scenes in the `compileCss(…)`, `run(…)`, and `optimizeCss(…)` test
helpers. It's very silly and simple, it either returns `''` when the
trimmed input is empty, or it will wrap the result in `\n…\n`. The
reason for this is because of how (inline) snapshots works in Vitest. A
snapshot result will be in double quotes, and inside backticks:
```ts
expect(result.css.trim()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"@layer utilities {
.foo {
color: #000;
}
.bar {
color: red;
}
}"
`)
```
This CSS now starts with `"` and ends with `"`. While that is fine, it
starts to get annoying when we have merge conflicts when CSS changes
(this is what triggered me to make this PR because I ran into this a
dozen times already). Because the first and last CSS line also contain a
`"` that you have to keep into account.
Instead we now use `\n` around the output, which makes the tests look
like this:
```ts
expect(pretty(result.css)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
"
@layer utilities {
.foo {
color: #000;
}
.bar {
color: red;
}
}
"
`)
```
In a perfect world, I wish we could use something like:
```css
expect(pretty(result.css)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(css`
@layer utilities {
.foo {
color: #000;
}
.bar {
color: red;
}
}
`)
```
That way you are only dealing with CSS, nothing else. Most editors will
show syntax highlighting, and even prettier will do formatting on the
CSS to keep everything consistent.
Unfortunately this also causes issues because when prettier formats
this, then the input/output will not always match. We can solve that by
parsing both sides and compare the ASTs but that would make things
slower.
The biggest issue is that Vitest doesn't support this. You can use
custom serializers
https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html#custom-snapshot-matchers and
domains https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html#custom-snapshot-domain
but this has an annoying issue around escaping values.
When you use `css` it's typically implemented as `const css =
String.raw`, which means that you can write actual CSS instead of JS:
```ts
let input = css`
.\[color:red\] {
color: red;
}
`
```
But vitest would double scape the `\`, which would make the snapshot
test fail:
```ts
let input = css`
.\\[color:red\\] {
color: red;
}
`
```
**Edit**: It is possible with a custom snapshot environment! But this
still introduces some levels of indirection. We are also not really
testing the same thing anymore. Prettier will be formatting the CSS, we
rely on our own CSS parser / printer, which is fine but subtle bugs
could maybe be invisible or maybe it unlocks some hidden bugs, who
knows. Funnily enough, running tests with this new matcher also goes
from `23.60s` to `22.88s` (just 1 run comparison).
<img width="1227" height="897" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/698a0c67-a1fc-46e3-ba5a-60e5873b32df"
/>
Long story short, simple `\n` and `\n` boundaries it is!
## Test plan
- Everything still works as expected.
- There are visual changes in tests, but no actual source code was
updated either so there can not be an accidental diff
Small PR that improves the overall quality of the codebase. It's a bit
of everything:
1. Using correct variants for the variants we are testing
2. Use `@reference` instead of `@import` in a test, testing the
`@reference` according to the test name
3. Use `using` for Vitest related mocks. They have a `Symbol.dispose`
implemented, so we can don't have to restore mocks ourselves (right now,
some of them are not cleaned up at all).
4. Updated deprecated `.toThrowError` with `.toThrow` APIs
## Test plan
Everything still passes.
[ci-all]
Fixes a few minor typos across the codebase (e.g. 'overriden' ->
'overridden', 're-use' -> 'reuse').
---------
Co-authored-by: Robin Malfait <malfait.robin@gmail.com>
## Summary
`@tailwindcss/postcss` derives `inputBasePath` from `result.opts.from`:
```ts
let inputFile = result.opts.from ?? ''
let inputBasePath = path.dirname(path.resolve(inputFile))
```
When PostCSS calls the plugin without `from` (some bundlers, including
Turbopack, do this for certain CSS inputs), `inputFile` is `''`,
`path.resolve('')` returns `process.cwd()`, and `path.dirname(...)`
therefore returns the **parent of CWD**. The downstream `compileAst({
base: inputBasePath })` call then asks the resolver to find
`tailwindcss` from one level above the project root, which fails with:
```
Can't resolve 'tailwindcss' in '<parent of CWD>'
```
The plugin already computes `base = opts.base ?? process.cwd()` near the
top. Reusing that as the fallback gives a sensible default (CWD) and
respects an explicit `opts.base` when set.
```diff
-let inputBasePath = path.dirname(path.resolve(inputFile))
+let inputBasePath = inputFile
+ ? path.dirname(path.resolve(inputFile))
+ : base
```
## Test plan
Added a test in `packages/@tailwindcss-postcss/src/index.test.ts` that
processes `@import 'tailwindcss'` via `processor.process(input)` with no
`from` option. Before the fix, this throws `Error: Can't resolve
'tailwindcss' in '<parent of CWD>'`; after the fix, the import resolves
and the processor returns non-empty CSS.
I wasn't able to run the suite locally — `pnpm build` requires `cargo`
for `@tailwindcss/oxide` and I don't have a Rust toolchain set up — so
the test has been written to match existing conventions in
`index.test.ts` (vitest, plain
`postcss([tailwindcss({...})]).process(...)`), and I'm relying on CI to
verify.
---------
Co-authored-by: rebasecase <rebasecase@localhost>
Co-authored-by: Robin Malfait <malfait.robin@gmail.com>
This PR bumps dependencies in all the packages, typically just bumping
to the latest patch release.
Closes: #19936Closes: #19917Closes: #19899Closes: #19897Closes: #19845Closes: #19832Closes: #19967Closes: #19968
## Test plan
1. All tests still pass
2. All integration tests still pass
[ci-all] to verify Linux, Windows and macOS
This PR fixes an issue when using `@tailwindcss/vite` and you're trying
to resolve paths. In the latest 4.2.3 release, we added support for
following the vite `aliases` option.
However, some people run into issues because if you just use `@` as an
alias then using `@tailwindcss/typography` wouldn't resolve because it's
a package, and not something local.
With this PR we fix that by making sure that Vite's resolver can
actually resolve to an absolute path. If not, then we fallback to the
resolving that happens in `@tailwindcss/node`.
Fixes: #19946
## Test plan
1. Added an integration test that reproduces this issue, and is now
solved
2. Tested it on a reproduction provided in the corresponding issue
Before:
<img width="1694" height="1856" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c50f7104-78b3-476d-9e60-0c83e0976a5c"
/>
After:
<img width="1694" height="1856" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/44ea0e3b-f60f-479f-a4a1-203a6230475b"
/>
<!--
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**Please ask first before starting work on any significant new
features.**
It's never a fun experience to have your pull request declined after
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## Summary
<!--
Provide a summary of the issue and the changes you're making. How does
your change solve the problem?
-->
Removed a duplicated optimize: { minify: false } example from
@tailwindcss/postcss README (doc-only, one file).
## Test plan
<!--
Explain how you tested your changes. Include the exact commands that you
used to verify the change works and include screenshots/screen
recordings of the update behavior in the browser if applicable.
-->
Check the duplicate block is removed, the earlier optimize example still
exists, and only packages/@tailwindcss-postcss/README.md changed.
<!--
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**Please ask first before starting work on any significant new
features.**
It's never a fun experience to have your pull request declined after
investing a lot of time and effort into a new feature. To avoid this
from happening, we request that contributors create a discussion to
first discuss any significant new features.
For more info, check out the contributing guide:
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-->
## Summary
Fix a typo in the @tailwindcss/postcss README by changing Lighting CSS
to Lightning CSS in the optimize option documentation.
<!--
Provide a summary of the issue and the changes you're making. How does
your change solve the problem?
-->
## Test plan
Verified the README now says Lightning CSS and that the diff is
docs-only.
<!--
Explain how you tested your changes. Include the exact commands that you
used to verify the change works and include screenshots/screen
recordings of the update behavior in the browser if applicable.
-->
This PR does some generic cleanup to the codebase.
I'm playing with oxfmt and oxlint and noticed some unnecessary escapes.
Might add these dependencies to the project later (and rolldown for
building). But baby steps for now.
## Test plan
1. All tests should still pass
## Summary
Update the GitHub Actions CI status badge URLs in `packages/*/README.md`
to track `branch=main` instead of `branch=next`. This matches the root
README, keeps the badges consistent across the repo, and ensures the
displayed CI status reflects the default branch.
## Test plan
Docs-only change.
Verified the updated badge URLs in the modified `packages/*/README.md`
files use `ci.yml?branch=main`.
<!--
👋 Hey, thanks for your interest in contributing to Tailwind!
**Please ask first before starting work on any significant new
features.**
It's never a fun experience to have your pull request declined after
investing a lot of time and effort into a new feature. To avoid this
from happening, we request that contributors create a discussion to
first discuss any significant new features.
For more info, check out the contributing guide:
https://github.com/tailwindcss/tailwindcss/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
-->
## Summary
These package READMEs referenced the wrong GitHub org
(tailwindcss/tailwindcss) and outdated branches (master/next) for common
project links.
Update them to point at tailwindlabs/tailwindcss on main for releases,
license, discussions, and contributing docs.
<!--
Provide a summary of the issue and the changes you're making. How does
your change solve the problem?
-->
## Test plan
Docs-only change: No test required.
<!--
Explain how you tested your changes. Include the exact commands that you
used to verify the change works and include screenshots/screen
recordings of the update behavior in the browser if applicable.
-->
## Summary
This PR adds a new `@tailwindcss/webpack` package that provides a
dedicated webpack loader for Tailwind CSS v4. This loader works with
both standard webpack and Turbopack's webpack loader compatibility
layer.
### Why a dedicated loader?
The current webpack integration uses `postcss-loader` +
`@tailwindcss/postcss`. While this works, a dedicated loader:
- **Eliminates PostCSS as a middleman** - works directly with CSS
strings (no AST conversions)
- **Simpler and more efficient** - follows the same pattern as
`@tailwindcss/vite`
- **Better for Turbopack** - gives direct control over dependency
reporting via webpack's loader API
### How it works
The loader mirrors the Vite plugin's approach:
1. Uses `compile()` from `@tailwindcss/node` to parse CSS and resolve
`@apply` directives
2. Uses `Scanner` from `@tailwindcss/oxide` to scan content files for
utility candidates
3. Reports dependencies via `this.addDependency()` and
`this.addContextDependency()`
4. Optionally optimizes output with Lightning CSS
### Usage
```javascript
// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.css$/i,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader',
'@tailwindcss/webpack', // No PostCSS needed!
],
},
],
},
}
```
### Options
- `base` - The base directory to scan for class candidates (defaults to
`process.cwd()`)
- `optimize` - Whether to optimize/minify the output CSS (defaults to
`true` in production)
### Files added
- `packages/@tailwindcss-webpack/` - New package
- `src/index.ts` - Main loader implementation
- `src/index.cts` - CommonJS entry point for webpack compatibility
- `package.json`, `tsconfig.json`, `tsup.config.ts`, `README.md`
- `integrations/webpack/loader.test.ts` - Integration tests
- `integrations/utils.ts` - Added webpack override for transitive
dependencies
### Test plan
- [x] Build test - verifies basic compilation
- [x] Watch test - verifies HMR when adding new Tailwind classes
- [x] `@apply` test - verifies `@apply` directives work correctly
- [x] Optimization test - verifies minification works
---------
Co-authored-by: Robin Malfait <malfait.robin@gmail.com>
Here is everything you need to know about this upgrade. Please take a
good look at what changed and the test results before merging this pull
request.
### What changed?
#### ✳️ dedent (1.7.0 → 1.7.1) · [Repo](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent)
· [Changelog](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
---
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## Summary
quotation mark is not closed in README doc of the postcss preprocesor
## Test plan
not needed
This PR adds a bit more information when running the upgrade tool to
know what version of Tailwind CSS you're upgrading from. This will help
users and maintainers when things go wrong.
Will have another PR up soon that errors when the Tailwind CSS version
in package.json and node_modules don't match.
### Test plan
Ran this one one of our older projects and saw the version logged
correctly.
<img width="1055" height="363" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5cbf4c52-ea0f-42c8-bd55-5bae2ed511de"
/>
Here is everything you need to know about this upgrade. Please take a
good look at what changed and the test results before merging this pull
request.
### What changed?
#### ✳️ dedent (1.6.0 → 1.7.0) · [Repo](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent)
· [Changelog](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
<details>
<summary>Release Notes</summary>
<h4><a
href="https://github.com/dmnd/dedent/releases/tag/v1.7.0">1.7.0</a></h4>
<blockquote><h2 dir="auto">What's Changed</h2>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>docs: cleaned up README.md badges by <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/JoshuaKGoldberg">@JoshuaKGoldberg</a>
in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/100">#100</a>
</li>
<li>feat: add alignValues option by <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/PaperStrike">@PaperStrike</a>
in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/102">#102</a>
</li>
<li>1.7.0 by <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/JoshuaKGoldberg">@JoshuaKGoldberg</a>
in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/103">#103</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="auto">New Contributors</h2>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>
<a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/PaperStrike">@PaperStrike</a>
made their first contribution in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/102">#102</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto"><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/compare/v1.6.0...v1.7.0"><tt>v1.6.0...v1.7.0</tt></a></p></blockquote>
<p><em>Does any of this look wrong? <a
href="feedback">Please let us
know.</a></em></p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<p><a
href="ab2ce25762...dd15cf5836">See
the full diff on Github</a>. The new version differs by 3 commits:</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="dd15cf5836"><code>1.7.0
(#103)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="304d0fc795"><code>feat:
add alignValues option (#102)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="aab442c691"><code>docs:
cleaned up README.md badges (#100)</code></a></li>
</ul>
</details>
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Closes https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss.com/issues/2061
In lieu of finding a place to put this on the docs we can at least
document this in the readme for the plugin.
---------
Co-authored-by: Philipp Spiess <hello@philippspiess.com>
Since we (optionally) support source maps now it's possible that a later
PostCSS plugin that *still* does url rewriting might fail to do so
correctly because nodes will have preserved source locations in dev
builds where before we "pretended" that everything came from the
original file.
But, because we can't know if such a plugin is present, disabling this
behavior when source maps are enabled could cause issues *and* would be
a breaking change.
I wish everything *could just work* here but realistically we can't know
what plugins have run before our PostCSS plugin or what plugins will run
after so the best option (I think) we can offer here is to allow users
to disable url rewriting at the plugin level.
Fixes#16700
This PR tweaks the dropdown arrow added to an input by Chrome when it
has a `list` attribute pointing to a `<datalist>`.
Right now the arrow isn't centered vertically:
<img width="227" height="58" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-14 at 15 41 50"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b354a5e8-432d-432d-bfe4-f7b6f6683548"
/>
The cause of this is the line height being inherited into the pseudo
element which controls how the marker is positioned. I *think* this is
because it's being drawn with unicode symbols but I'm not sure. It could
just be from the `list-item` display.
After this PR changes the line height its centered again:
<img width="227" height="58" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-14 at 15 42 05"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1afa1f33-cc28-4b1f-9e04-e546f6848f57"
/>
Some notes:
This only affects Chrome and also does not appear to cause issues for
date/time inputs. While weird that this pseudo is the one used for a
`<datalist>` marker it is indeed correct.
Fixes#18499
Can use this Play to test the change:
https://play.tailwindcss.com/jzT35CRpr0
---------
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Reinink <jonathan@reinink.ca>
Here is everything you need to know about this update. Please take a
good look at what changed and the test results before merging this pull
request.
### What changed?
#### ✳️ postcss-import (16.1.0 → 16.1.1) ·
[Repo](https://github.com/postcss/postcss-import) ·
[Changelog](https://github.com/postcss/postcss-import/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
<details>
<summary>Release Notes</summary>
<h4>16.1.1 (from changelog)</h4>
<blockquote><ul dir="auto">
<li>Fix incorrect cascade layer order when some resources can not be
inlined (<a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/postcss/postcss-import/issues/567">#567</a>,
<a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/postcss/postcss-import/pull/574">#574</a>)</li>
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the full diff on Github</a>. The new version differs by 10 commits:</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="4ae9894edc"><code>16.1.1</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="a3f38897da"><code>Test
on modern Node versions (#577)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="10325fc024"><code>Upgrade
eslint & config; use flat config (#576)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="9227642040"><code>Migrate
config renovate.json (#575)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="2544155491"><code>Update
dependency prettier to ~3.5.0 (#572)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="83108aa207"><code>Fix
incorrect cascade layer order when some resources can not be inlined
(#574)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="cad00220bf"><code>Update
dependency sugarss to v5 (#568)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="32deb082c6"><code>Update
dependency c8 to v10 (#565)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="d43ca1506d"><code>Update
dependency prettier to ~3.4.0 (#569)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="9af465e598"><code>Update
dependency prettier to ~3.3.0 (#564)</code></a></li>
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When I added source maps to PostCSS I mistakenly assumed that `.source`
on a node could be `undefined`. The comment above the property in
PostCSS says that `source` can be `undefined` but this is a commentary
on the value upon **access** not its expected value on **write**:
```ts
declare abstract class Node_ {
/**
* …
*
* The nodes that are created manually using the public APIs
* provided by PostCSS will have `source` undefined and
* will be absent in the source map.
*
* …
*/
source?: Node.Source
}
```
Rather, what these types mean is that *if the property exists* it must
be defined. But otherwise the property can be missing if a node has no
source location metadata. This generally wasn't a problem with the
string-returning APIs but the `toJSON()` API in PostCSS expects that
`source` is defined if present. This caused a crash because our license
comment doesn't have a source location.
I've addressed this by deleting the `source` property from the node if
source location data is not available.
Fixes#18082
ref https://github.com/parcel-bundler/parcel/issues/10161
Here is everything you need to know about this upgrade. Please take a
good look at what changed and the test results before merging this pull
request.
### What changed?
#### ✳️ dedent (1.5.3 → 1.6.0) · [Repo](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent)
· [Changelog](https://github.com/dmnd/dedent/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
<details>
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<h4><a
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<blockquote><h2 dir="auto">What's Changed</h2>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>feat: add <code class="notranslate">trimWhitespace</code> option by
<a href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/43081j">@43081j</a> in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/97">#97</a>
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<ul dir="auto">
<li>
<a href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/43081j">@43081j</a> made
their first contribution in <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/pull/97">#97</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto"><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a
href="https://bounce.depfu.com/github.com/dmnd/dedent/compare/v1.5.3...v1.6.0"><tt>v1.5.3...v1.6.0</tt></a></p></blockquote>
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href="ab2ce25762"><code>1.6.0
(#98)</code></a></li>
<li><a
href="86902f7c97"><code>feat:
add `trimWhitespace` option (#97)</code></a></li>
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Closes#13694Closes#13591
# Source Maps Support for Tailwind CSS
This PR adds support for source maps to Tailwind CSS v4 allowing us to
track where styles come from whether that be user CSS, imported
stylesheets, or generated utilities. This will improve debuggability in
browser dev tools and gives us a good foundation for producing better
error messages. I'll go over the details on how end users can enable
source maps, any limitations in our implementation, changes to the
internal `compile(…)` API, and some details and reasoning around the
implementation we chose.
## Usage
### CLI
Source maps can be enabled in the CLI by using the command line argument
`--map` which will generate an inline source map comment at the bottom
of your CSS. A separate file may be generated by passing a file name to
`--map`:
```bash
# Generates an inline source map
npx tailwindcss -i input.css -o output.css --map
# Generates a separate source map file
npx tailwindcss -i input.css -o output.css --map output.css.map
```
### PostCSS
Source maps are supported when using Tailwind as a PostCSS plugin *in
development mode only*. They may or may not be enabled by default
depending on your build tool. If they are not you may be able to
configure them within your PostCSS config:
```jsonc
// package.json
{
// …
"postcss": {
"map": { "inline": true },
"plugins": {
"@tailwindcss/postcss": {},
},
}
}
```
### Vite
Source maps are supported when using the Tailwind CSS Vite plugin in
*development mode only* by enabling the `css.devSourcemap` setting:
```js
import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite";
import { defineConfig } from "vite";
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [tailwindcss()],
css: {
devSourcemap: true,
},
})
```
Now when a CSS file is requested by the browser it'll have an inline
source map comment that the browser can use.
## Limitations
- Production build source maps are currently disabled due to a bug in
Lightning CSS. See
https://github.com/parcel-bundler/lightningcss/pull/971 for more
details.
- In Vite, minified CSS build source maps are not supported at all. See
https://github.com/vitejs/vite/issues/2830 for more details.
- In PostCSS, minified CSS source maps are not supported. This is due to
the complexity required around re-associating every AST node with a
location in the generated, optimized CSS. This complexity would also
have a non-trivial performance impact.
## Testing
Here's how to test the source map functionality in different
environments:
### Testing the CLI
1. Setup typical project that the CLI can use and with sources to scan.
```css
@import "tailwindcss";
@utilty my-custom-utility {
color: red;
}
/* to test `@apply` */
.card {
@apply bg-white text-center shadow-md;
}
```
2. Build with source maps:
```bash
bun /path/to/tailwindcss/packages/@tailwindcss-cli/src/index.ts --input input.css -o output.css --map
```
3. Open Chrome DevTools, inspect an element with utility classes, and
you should see rules pointing to `input.css` or
`node_modules/tailwindcss/index.css`
### Testing with Vite
Testing in Vite will require building and installing necessary files
under `dist/*.tgz`.
1. Create a Vite project and enable source maps in `vite.config.js`:
```js
import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite";
import { defineConfig } from "vite";
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [tailwindcss()],
css: {
// This line is required for them to work
devSourcemap: true,
},
})
```
2. Add a component that uses Tailwind classes and custom CSS:
```jsx
// ./src/app.jsx
export default function App() {
return (
<div className="bg-blue-500 my-custom-class">
Hello World
</div>
)
}
```
```css
/* ./src/styles.css */
@import "tailwindcss";
@utilty my-custom-utility {
color: red;
}
/* to test `@apply` */
.card {
@apply bg-white text-center shadow-md;
}
```
3. Run `npm run dev`, open DevTools, and inspect elements to verify
source mapping works for both utility classes and custom CSS.
### Testing with PostCSS CLI
1. Create a test file and update your PostCSS config:
```css
/* input.css */
@import "tailwindcss";
@layer components {
.card {
@apply p-6 rounded-lg shadow-lg;
}
}
```
```jsonc
// package.json
{
// …
"postcss": {
"map": {
"inline": true
},
"plugins": {
"/path/to/tailwindcss/packages/packages/@tailwindcss-postcss/src/index.ts": {}
}
}
}
```
2. Run PostCSS through Bun:
```bash
bunx --bun postcss ./src/index.css -o out.css
```
3. Inspect the output CSS - it should include an inline source map
comment at the bottom.
### Testing with PostCSS + Next.js
Testing in Next.js will require building and installing necessary files
under `dist/*.tgz`. However, I've not been able to get CSS source maps
to work in Next.js without this hack:
```js
const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
// next.js overwrites config.devtool so we prevent it from doing so
// please don't actually do this…
webpack: (config) =>
Object.defineProperty(config, "devtool", {
get: () => "inline-source-map",
set: () => {},
}),
};
```
This is definitely not supported and also doesn't work with turbopack.
This can be used to test them temporarily but I suspect that they just
don't work there.
### Manual source map analysis
You can analyze source maps using Evan Wallace's [Source Map
Visualization](https://evanw.github.io/source-map-visualization/) tool
which will help to verify the accuracy and quality of source maps. This
is what I used extensively while developing this implementation.
It'll help verify that custom, user CSS maps back to itself in the
input, that generated utilities all map back to `@tailwind utilities;`,
that source locations from imported files are also handled correctly,
etc… It also highlights the ranges of stuff so it's easy to see if there
are off-by-one errors.
It's easiest to use inline source maps with this tool because you can
take the CSS file and drop it on the page and it'll analyze it while
showing the file content.
If you're using Vite you'll want to access the CSS file with `?direct`
at the end so you don't get a JS module back.
## Implementation
The source map implementation follows the ECMA-426 specification and
includes several key components to aid in that goal:
### Source Location Tracking
Each emittable AST node in the compilation pipeline tracks two types of
source locations:
- `src`: Original source location - [source file, start offset, end
offset]
- `dst`: Generated source location - [output file, start offset, end
offset]
This dual tracking allows us to maintain mappings between the original
source and generated output for things like user CSS, generated
utilities, uses of `@apply`, and tracking theme variables.
It is important to note that source locations for nodes _never overlap_
within a file which helps simplify source map generation. As such each
type of node tracks a specific piece of itself rather than its entire
"block":
| Node | What a `SourceLocation` represents |
| ----------- |
---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Style Rule | The selector |
| At Rule | Rule name and params, includes the `@` |
| Declaration | Property name and value, excludes the semicolon |
| Comment | The entire comment, includes the start `/*` and end `*/`
markers |
### Windows line endings when parsing CSS
Because our AST tracks nodes through offsets we must ensure that any
mutations to the file do *not* change the lenth of the string. We were
previously replacing `\r\n` with `\n` (see [filter code
points](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-syntax/#css-filter-code-points)
from the spec) — which changes the length of the string and all offsets
may end up incorrect. The CSS parser was updated to handle the CRLF
token directly by skipping over the `\r` and letting remaining code
handle `\n` as it did previously. Some additional tweaks were required
when "peeking" the input but those changes were fairly small.
### Tracking of imports
Source maps need paths to the actual imported stylesheets but the
resolve step for stylesheets happens inside the call to `loadStylesheet`
which make the file path unavailable to us. Because of this the
`loadStylesheet` API was augmented such that it has to return a `path`
property that we can then use to identify imported sources. I've also
made the same change to the `loadModule` API for consistency but nothing
currently uses this property.
The `path` property likely makes `base` redundant but elminating that
(if we even want to) is a future task.
### Optimizing the AST
Our optimization pass may intoduce some nodes, for example, fallbacks we
create for `@property`. These nodes are linked back to `@tailwind
utilities` as ultimately that is what is responsible for creating them.
### Line Offset Tables
A key component to our source map generation is the line offset table,
which was inspired by some ESBuild internals. It stores a sorted list of
offsets for the start of each line allowing us to translate offsets to
line/column `Position`s in `O(log N)` time and from `Position`s to
offsets in `O(1)` time. Creation of the table takes `O(N)` time.
This means that we can store code point offsets for source locations and
not have to worry about computing or tracking line/column numbers during
parsing and serialization. Only when a source map is generated do these
offsets need to be computed. This ensures the performance penalty when
not using source maps is minimal.
### Source Map Generation
The source map returned by `buildSourceMap()` is designed to follow the
[ECMA-426 spec](https://tc39.es/ecma426). Because that spec is not
completely finalized we consider the result of `buildSourceMap()` to be
internal API that may change as the spec chamges.
The produces source map is a "decoded" map such that all sources and
mappings are in an object graph. A library like `source-map-js` must be
used to convert this to an encoded source map of the right version where
mappings are encoded with base 64 VLQs.
Any specific integration (Vite, PostCSS, etc…) can then use
`toSourceMap()` from `@tailwindcss/node` to convert from the internal
source map to an spec-compliant encoded source map that can be
understood by other tools.
### Handling minification in Lightning
Since we use Lightning CSS for optimization, and it takes in an input
map, we generate an encoded source map that we then pass to lightning.
The output source map *from lighting itself* is then passed back in
during the second optimization pass. The final map is then passed from
lightning to the CLI (but not Vite or PostCSS — see the limitations
section for details).
In some cases we have to "fix up" the output CSS. When this happens we
use `magic-string` to do the replacement in a way that is trackable and
`@amppproject/remapping` to map that change back onto the original
source map. Once the need for these fix ups disappear these dependencies
can go away.
Notes:
- The accuracy of source maps run though lightning is reduced as it only
tracks on a per-rule level. This is sufficient enough for browser dev
tools so should be fine.
- Source maps during optimization do not function properly at this time
because of a bug in Lightning CSS regarding license comments. Once this
bug is fixed they will start working as expected.
### How source locations flow through the system
1. During initial CSS parsing, source locations are preserved.
2. During parsing these source locations are also mapped to the
destinations which supports an optimization for when no utilities are
generated.
3. Throughout the compilation process, transformations maintain source
location data
4. Generated utilities are explicitly pointed to `@tailwind utilities`
unless generated by `@apply`.
5. When optimization is enabled, source maps are remapped through
lightningcss
6. Final source maps are written in the requested format (inline or
separate file)
