diff --git a/crates/core/src/css/mod.rs b/crates/core/src/css/mod.rs
index 081e4f7d8..9a12bb323 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/css/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/css/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod ast;
+pub mod optimize;
 pub mod parser;
 pub mod serializer;
 pub mod syntax;
diff --git a/crates/core/src/css/optimize.rs b/crates/core/src/css/optimize.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a3b95761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/css/optimize.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+// Performs an optimization pass on the AST to (usually) reduce the size of the output CSS
+
+use std::{collections::HashSet, mem};
+
+use super::{ast::{at_rule, decl, style_rule, CssNode, Stylesheet}, visit::WalkAction};
+
+pub fn optimize_ast(ast: &mut Stylesheet) {
+  remove_duplicate_at_properties(ast);
+  add_property_fallbacks(ast);
+  hoist_at_roots(ast);
+  flatten_utilities(ast);
+}
+
+/// Remove duplicate `@property` rules appearing in the AST
+/// They're replaced with empty nodes that print nothing
+fn remove_duplicate_at_properties(ast: &mut Stylesheet) {
+  let mut seen = HashSet::<Vec<u8>>::new();
+
+  ast.walk_mut(&mut |node| {
+    let CssNode::AtRule { name, params, .. } = node else {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    };
+
+    if name != b"property" {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    if !seen.contains(params) {
+      seen.insert(params.clone());
+
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    *node = CssNode::empty();
+
+    return WalkAction::Skip;
+  })
+}
+
+/// Collect fallbacks for `@property` rules for Firefox support
+/// We turn these into rules on `:root` or `*` and some pseudo-elements
+/// based on the value of `inherits`
+fn add_property_fallbacks(ast: &mut Stylesheet) {
+  let mut fallbacks_root = Vec::<CssNode>::new();
+  let mut fallbacks_universal = Vec::<CssNode>::new();
+
+  // Create fallback rules for defined properties
+  ast.walk_mut(&mut |node| {
+    let CssNode::AtRule { name, params, nodes, .. } = node else {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    };
+
+    if name != b"property" {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    let property_name = params.clone();
+    let mut initial_value: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
+    let mut inherits = false;
+
+    for child in nodes {
+      let CssNode::Declaration { property, value, .. } = child else {
+        continue;
+      };
+
+      if property == b"initial-value" {
+        initial_value = Some(value.clone());
+      } else if property == b"inherits" {
+        inherits = value == b"true";
+      }
+    }
+
+    let initial_value = initial_value.unwrap_or(b"initial".to_vec());
+
+    if inherits {
+      fallbacks_root.push(decl(property_name, initial_value, false));
+    } else {
+      fallbacks_universal.push(decl(property_name, initial_value, false));
+    }
+
+    return WalkAction::Skip;
+  });
+
+  let CssNode::Contents { nodes } = &mut ast.rules else {
+    return;
+  };
+
+  let mut fallback_ast = vec![];
+
+  if !fallbacks_root.is_empty() {
+    fallback_ast.push(style_rule(b":root", fallbacks_root));
+  }
+
+  if !fallbacks_universal.is_empty() {
+    fallback_ast.push(style_rule(
+      b"*, ::before, ::after, ::backdrop",
+      fallbacks_universal
+    ));
+  }
+
+  if !fallback_ast.is_empty() {
+    fallback_ast = vec![
+      at_rule(b"supports", b"(-moz-orient: inline)", [
+        at_rule(b"layer", b"base", fallback_ast),
+      ]),
+    ];
+  }
+
+  nodes.extend(fallback_ast);
+}
+
+/// Collect fallbacks for `@property` rules for Firefox support
+/// We turn these into rules on `:root` or `*` and some pseudo-elements
+/// based on the value of `inherits`
+fn hoist_at_roots(ast: &mut Stylesheet) {
+  let mut roots = Vec::<CssNode>::new();
+
+  ast.walk_mut(&mut |node| {
+    let CssNode::AtRule { name, nodes, .. } = node else {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    };
+
+    if name != b"at-root" {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    // Pull the nodes out of the at-root rule
+    roots.extend(mem::take(nodes));
+
+    // Replace the at-root rule with an empty node
+    *node = CssNode::empty();
+
+    return WalkAction::Skip;
+  });
+
+  let CssNode::Contents { nodes } = &mut ast.rules else {
+    return;
+  };
+
+  nodes.extend(roots);
+}
+
+/// Collect fallbacks for `@property` rules for Firefox support
+/// We turn these into rules on `:root` or `*` and some pseudo-elements
+/// based on the value of `inherits`
+fn flatten_utilities(ast: &mut Stylesheet) {
+  ast.walk_mut(&mut |node| {
+    let CssNode::AtRule { name, params, nodes, .. } = node else {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    };
+
+    if name != b"tailwind" {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    if params != b"utilities" {
+      return WalkAction::Continue;
+    }
+
+    *node = CssNode::from(mem::take(nodes));
+
+    return WalkAction::Skip;
+  });
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_remove_duplicate_at_properties() {
+    let mut css = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("property", "--foo", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "false", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("property", "--foo", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "false", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+    ]);
+
+    remove_duplicate_at_properties(&mut css);
+
+    let expected = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("property", "--foo", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "false", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+
+      CssNode::empty(),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(css, expected);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_add_property_fallbacks() {
+    let mut css = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("property", "--foo", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "true", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("property", "--bar", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "false", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+    ]);
+
+    add_property_fallbacks(&mut css);
+
+    let expected = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("property", "--foo", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "true", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("property", "--bar", [
+        decl("syntax", "<length>", false),
+        decl("inherits", "false", false),
+        decl("initial-value", "0", false),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("supports", "(-moz-orient: inline)", [
+        at_rule("layer", "base", [
+          style_rule(":root", [
+            decl("--foo", "0", false),
+          ]),
+
+          style_rule("*, ::before, ::after, ::backdrop", [
+            decl("--bar", "0", false),
+          ]),
+        ]),
+      ]),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(css, expected);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_hoist_at_roots() {
+    let mut css = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("layer", "base", [
+        at_rule("at-root", "", [
+          at_rule("keyframes", "spin", [
+            style_rule("from", [
+              decl("transform", "rotate(0deg)", false),
+            ]),
+
+            style_rule("to", [
+              decl("transform", "rotate(360deg)", false),
+            ]),
+          ]),
+        ]),
+
+        at_rule("layer", "defaults", [
+          at_rule("at-root", "", [
+            at_rule("keyframes", "pulse", [
+              style_rule("50%", [
+                decl("opacity", "0", false),
+              ]),
+            ]),
+          ]),
+        ]),
+      ])
+    ]);
+
+    hoist_at_roots(&mut css);
+
+    let expected = Stylesheet::from([
+      at_rule("layer", "base", [
+        CssNode::empty(),
+
+        at_rule("layer", "defaults", [
+          CssNode::empty(),
+        ]),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("keyframes", "spin", [
+        style_rule("from", [
+          decl("transform", "rotate(0deg)", false),
+        ]),
+
+        style_rule("to", [
+          decl("transform", "rotate(360deg)", false),
+        ]),
+      ]),
+
+      at_rule("keyframes", "pulse", [
+        style_rule("50%", [
+          decl("opacity", "0", false),
+        ]),
+      ]),
+    ]);
+
+    assert_eq!(css, expected);
+  }
+}